What are the Main Causes of Graves' Disease

Introduction to Graves’ disease
It is an autoimmune disorder that results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones (hyperthyroidism). It was named for the doctor who first described it in Ireland, Robert J. Graves. It affects women more than men. In this, the immune system creates antibodies that cause the thyroid to grow and make more thyroid hormone than body needs. These antibodies are called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin’s (TSIs).
Causes
The exact cause is not known but it is said that it is caused by a malfunction in the immune system.
Symptoms
Anxiety
Irritation
A fine tremor of hands or fingers
Weight loss
Enlargement of thyroid gland
Change in menstrual cycles
Erectile dysfunction
Frequent bowel movements
Bulging eyes
Fatigue
Rapid or irregular heartbeat
Muscle weakness
Diagnosis
The physical exam is done to check eyes and thyroid gland. Pulse and blood pressure are checked.
The blood test is done to determine the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), the pituitary hormone that normally stimulates the thyroid gland, as well as levels of thyroid hormones.
Ultrasound, CT scan, and MRI.
Treatment
The goal is to inhibit the production of thyroid hormones and to block the effect of the hormones on the body. Its treatment includes:
Radioactive Iodine Therapy: Radioactive iodine or radioiodine is taken by mouth as the thyroid needs iodine to produce hormones. The radioiodine goes into the thyroid cells and the radioactivity destroys the overactive thyroid cells over time.
Anti-thyroid Medications: These medicines interfere with the thyroid’s use of iodine to produce hormones.
Beta Blockers: They block the effect of thyroid hormones on the body.
Surgery: All part of the thyroid are removed to get relief from Graves’ disease.
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