What is Eisenmenger's syndrome ?
ES, Eisenmenger's reaction or tardive cyanosis or Eisenmenger's syndrome is described as the procedure in which a persistant left-to-right cardiac shunt caused by a congenital heart defect (peculiarly by a atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect or less frequently, patent ductus arteriosus) causes pulmonary hypertension and final reversal of the shunt into a cyanotic right-to-left shunt. Because of the development of fetal screening with echocardiography early in life, the occurrence of heart deformity progressing to Eisenmenger's has lessened.
ES in a pregnant mother can cause severe complications, though successful delivery has been reported. Maternal mortality ranges from thirty sixty percent and may be held responsible to thromboembolism, fainting spells, hypovolemia, preeclampsia or hemoptysis. Most deaths occur either during or within the 1st weeks after delivery. Pregnant women with ES should be hospitalized after the twentieth week of pregnancy - or earlier if clinical failure occurs.
Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms of Eisenmenger syndrome involve the following:
- High red blood cell count
- Cyanosis (a blue stain to the skin deriving from lack of oxygen)
- Fainting (also known as syncope)
- Swollen or clubbed finger tips (clubbing)
- Abnormal heart rhythms
- Heart failure
- Coughing up blood
- Bleeding disorders
- Infections (endocarditis and pneumonia)
- Iron deficiency
- Stroke
- Kidney problems
- Gallstones
- Gout which is rare because of production with diminished excretion and intensified uric acid resorption
Causes
Eisenmenger syndrome can be caused due to a number of congenital heart defects, including, ventricular septal defects, atrial septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus and more complicated types of acyanotic heart disorders.
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